Soil scientists study the physical, chemical, biological, and behavioral characteristics of soils. Their work is important to farmers, builders, fertilizer manufacturers, real estate appraisers, and lending institutions.
A large part of soil science has to do with categorizing soils according to a national classification system. Once the soils in an area have been classified, the soil scientist prepares a map that shows soil types throughout the area.
A builder who wants to erect a factory or an apartment building will consult a soil-type map to locate a spot with a secure base of firm soils. Farmers also consult soil-type maps. Some communities require a certified soil scientist to examine the soil and test the drainage capabilities of any building lot that will be used with a septic system.
Some soil scientists conduct research into the chemical and biological properties of soil to determine what crops grow best in which soils. They also test fertilizers and soils to determine ways to improve less productive soils. Soil scientists are also involved in pollution control programs and soil erosion prevention programs.
More than half of all soil scientists are employed by the Soil Conservation Service of the U.S Department of Agriculture. Others are employed by the state agricultural experiment stations and agricultural colleges. Private institutions and industries that employ soil scientists include fertilizer companies, land appraisal firms, farm management agencies, and lending institutions such as banks and insurance companies.
Places of Employment and Working Conditions
Soil scientists work in every state and in most counties of the United States. They spend much of their time doing fieldwork in a particular area—usually a county. During bad weather, they work indoors preparing maps and writing reports. Soil scientists involved in research usually work in greenhouses or small farm fields.
Qualifications, Education, and Training
An interest in science and agriculture is necessary, as well as a liking for out-door work. Writing skills are also important.
High school courses should include chemistry and biology.
A bachelor's degree with a major in soil science or a closely related field such as agriculture or agronomy (interaction of plants and soils) is necessary. Courses in chemistry and cartography (mapmaking) are also important.
An advanced degree is necessary for many of the better-paying research positions.
Some states require certification of soil scientists who inspect soil conditions prior to building or highway construction. Certification usually entails a written examination plus specified combinations of education and experience.
Potential and Advancement
Job openings in this rather small field usually occur to replace those who leave the field or retire, although some limited growth will probably occur.
Soil scientists who have been trained in both fieldwork and laboratory research will have the best opportunities for advancement, especially if they have an advanced degree.
Salary
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average soil scientist earned $65,980 in 2015.
Related Jobs
Related jobs include soil conservationist, environmental scientist, farmer, range manager, and forester.
